How these times are calculated

Times are calculated from the date and your device location using established astronomical solar-position calculations.

Shkiah

Shkiah is calculated as standard apparent sunset: when the upper edge of the sun reaches the horizon, including standard atmospheric refraction. Our standard calculation assumes a clear, level horizon and does not adjust for nearby buildings, hills or a user's physical elevation.

Candle lighting

Candle lighting is calculated before sunset using the recognised local convention where we support one. In the UK we use 18 minutes before sunset. Other locations may use a different established custom.

Shabbos ending

The displayed ending time is currently calculated when the sun is 8.5° below the horizon. Communities use different opinions, so follow your own Rav or local custom where it differs.

How we round the times

We do not display seconds. Shkiah and candle-lighting times are rounded down to the earlier minute; Shabbos and Yom Tov ending/nightfall times are rounded up to the later minute. This deliberately errs on the cautious side.

Why another luach may differ

Different services may use different coordinates, elevation or horizon assumptions, atmospheric models, rounding and halachic conventions. A difference of a minute or more can therefore occur.

These times are provided as a practical aid. For time-sensitive mitzvos, do not rely on the final moment. For halachic questions, consult your Rav.